Land use data : Ministry of Agriculture, Govt of India. While bulk of the agrarian/rural economy is subjected to symptoms of underdevelopment as stated above, there are several sub sectors which are making. Wide Acceptance at all VISA and Master Card affiliations; Cards are issued against a minimum Annual Proven Income of Rs 1.80 lacs; Credit Cards are also issued against lien on Deposits, without Income proof; Sanctioning of. Knowledge Bank. Cropping Patterns and Diversification in India. CROPPING PATTERNSCrop Seasons and Crop Practices Cropping activities go on all the year- round in India, provided water is available for crops. In northern India, there are two distinct seasons, kharif (July to October), and rabi (October to March). Crops grown between March and June are known as zaid. In some parts of the country, there are no such distinct seasons, but there they have their own classification of seasons. The village revenue officials keep plot- wise record of crops grown in each season. These are annually compiled district- wise, state- wise and on all- India basis. From these records one could calculate the relative abundance of a crop or a group of crops in a region. These crops are grown sole or mixed (mixed- cropping), or in a definite sequence (rotational cropping). The land may be occupied by one crop during one season (mono- cropping), or by two crops (double- cropping) which may be grown in a year in sequence. Of late, the trend is even more than two crops (multiple- cropping) in a year. These intensive cropping may be done either in sequence or even there may be relay- cropping- one crop under- sown in a standing crop. With wide- rowed slow growing cropping patterns, companion crops may be grown. Cropping Patterns There are various ways of utilising the land intensively. It is proposed to give a synoptic view of cropping patterns prevalent in the country. Before dealing with the cropping patterns, a brief description of the factors that determine the cropping systems of an individual locality or region are briefly presented here. In any locality, the prevalent cropping systems are the cumulative results of past and present decisions by individuals, communities or governments and their agencies. Complete list of SBI ATM withdrawal problem (debited amount twice) complaints. Scam, unauthorized charges, rip off, defective product, poor service. Sukanya samriddhi account opening form in post office. Although Govt has issued a new sukanya samriddhi account opening form for bank & post office in RBI website. Official name: The Communist Party of India (Marxist Leninist) (People’s War) -- CPI-ML (PW) 1. The People’s War Group was formed in Southern Indian State of Andhra Pradesh on April 22, 1980. These decisions are usually based on experience, tradition, expected profit, personal preferences and resources, social and political pressures and so on. Essentially, they are answers to some of the following questions: ? In what combinations and at what level of input application would they make the best use of local land, climate and input resources in short- term and long- term situations bearing in mind the degree of food and income security required by the individual farmer and the community? It is clear that there are innumerable micro variations in the cropping patterns, which cannot be described in this note, some broad contours of farming emerge. The most important element of farming in India is the production of grains and the dominant food- chain is grain- man. Study Material for Savings Bank Accounts of Banking of Maths of Class X of ICSE Board. Watch video lessons on Savings Bank Accounts made by LearnNext academic and graphic professionals. Watch related YouTube.On this basis, the country may be divided broadly into five agricultural regions. The rice region extending from the eastern part to include a very large part of the north- eastern and the south- eastern India, with another strip along the western coast. The wheat region, occupying most of the northern, western and central India. The millet- sorghum region, comprising Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and the Deccan Plateau in the centre of the Indian Peninsula. IV. The temperate Himalayan region of Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh and some adjoining areas. Here potatoes are as important as cereal crops (which are mainly maize and rice), and the tree- fruits form a large part of agricultural production. The plantation crops region of Assam and the hills of southern India where good quality tea is produced. There is an important production of high- quality coffee in the hills of the western peninsular India. Rubber is mostly grown in Kerala and parts of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. There are some large estates, but most of the growers would come under the category of small holders. Sugarcane, which in many countries is a plantation crop, is almost entirely grown by small holders in India. There had been substantial investments in major irrigation works in the colonial days. The post- Independence era saw many multi- purpose irrigation works. Lately, interest in the medium and minor irrigation works has increased, especially after the drought of 1. Thus, at present, an all- India irrigation potential of 5. Irrigation, especially the minor works, has provided a base for multiple- cropping. The All- India Coordinated Crops- Improvement Projects run co- operatively by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and the agricultural universities have generated short- season, photo- period- insensitive high- yielding varieties of various crops suitable for a high intensity of cropping. The adaptability of these varieties on the farmer's fields has been demonstrated in the National Demonstration Programme spread all over the country. The various developmental and the educative programmes, especially the High Yielding Varieties Programme, have also resulted in newer cropping patterns involving intensive cropping. The area of rice has increased in Punjab and Haryana. Similarly wheat is now grown in West Bengal and to some extent in the southern states of the country. All these factors have led to the present cropping patterns, which are getting more and more intensive both in respect of the number of crops grown per year and in respect of the intensity of inputs utilized in the production of these crops. The Present Cropping Patterns. As indicated earlier, we can hardly describe all the cropping patterns within the framework of this paper. Therefore only important ones are highlighted. There are many ways in which a cropping pattern can be discussed. A broad picture of the major cropping patterns in India can be presented by taking the major crops into consideration. To begin with, the south- westerly monsoon crops (kharif), bajra, maize, ragi, groundnut and cotton. Among the post- monsoon crops (rabi), wheat, sorghum (rabi)and gram can also be considered to be the base crops for describing the cropping patterns. With such an approach, the crop occupying the highest percentage of the sown area of the region is taken as the base crop and all other possible alternative crops which are sown in the region either as substitutes of the base crop in the same season or as the crops which fit in the rotation in the subsequent season, are considered in the pattern. Also these crops have been identified as associating themselves with a particular type of agroclimate, and certain other minor crops with similar requirements are grouped in one category. For example, wheat, barley and oats, are taken as one category. Similarly the minor millets (Paspalum, Setaria and Panicum spp.) are grouped with sorghum or bajra. Certain other crops, such as the plantation crops and other industrial crops are discussed separately. Among the kharif crops, rice, jowar, bajra, maize, groundnut and cotton are the prominent crops to be considered the base crops for describing the kharif cropping patterns. Kharif Season Cropping Patterns. The rice- based cropping patterns: Rice is grown in the high- rainfall area or in areas where supplemental irrigation is available to ensure good yields. If the crop has to depend solely on rainfall, it requires not less than 3. However, only 9 per cent of the area in the country comes under this category, and it lies in the eastern parts. Nearly 4. 5 per cent of the total rice area in India receives 3. July and August) of the south- westerly monsoon and much less during other months. In contrast to these parts, the eastern and southern regions comprising Assam, West Bengal, coastal Orissa, coastal Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka (most part), Tamil Nadu and Kerala receive rainfall of 1. With supplemental irrigation, 2 or 3 crops are taken in these areas. However, it has been observed that on an all- India basis, nearly 8. June- September and the rest during the rest of the season. Areawise the mono- season belt occupies 5. Assam, West Bengal, coastal Orissa, coastal Andhra Pradesh, parts of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala). On an all- India basis, about 3. In the most humid areas of eastern India comprising Tripura, Manipur and Mizoram, rice is the exclusive crop. In Meghalaya, rice is alternated with cotton, vegetable and food- crops, whereas in Arunachal Pradesh, where rice is not grown exclusively, the alternative crops being maize, small millets and oilseeds. In parts of Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and northern coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, jute forms an important commercial crop alternative to rice. In West Bengal, besides rice and jute, pulses and maize are grown on a limited scale. In Bihar, rice is grown over 4. India area), whereas pulses, wheat, jute, maize, sugarcane and oilseeds are the alternative crops. In Uttar Pradesh rice is grown on 1. India area under this crop. Rice is concentrated in the eastern districts of Uttar Pradesh where the alternative crops are pulses, groundnut, sugarcane, bajra and jowar in the decreasing order of their importance. Tobacco is grown in some districts. In Orissa, rice is grown on more than 5. The important alternative crops of this area are: small millets, pulses and groundnut. Wheat is also grown on a limited scale. In the southern states, namely Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala rice is grown in more than one season and mostly under irrigation or under sufficient rainfall. Together, these three states have over 6. India area under rice. Important alternative plantation crops in Andhra Pradesh are: pulses, groundnut, jowar, maize, sugarcane and tobacco. In Karnataka the crops alternative to rice are: ragi, plantation crops, bajra, cotton, groundnut, jowar and maize. In Kerala plantation crops and tapioca form the main plantation crops alternative to rice. However, in Punjab and Haryana and to some extent in western Uttar Pradesh owing to high water- table during this monsoon season, rice has become a major crops in such areas. The kharif cereals other than rice. Maize, jowar and bajra form the main kharif cereals, whereas ragi and small millets come next and are grown on a limited area.
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